As the G20 leaders’ summit came to a close, the nearby V20
summit concluded with a set of promises for the crypto industry in
response to the global crypto standards set by the Financial Action Task
Force. A group of national crypto associations aims to engage with
government agencies and global policymakers to ensure the industry’s
best interests are understood and valued at an international level.
V20’s Commitment
The two-day Virtual Asset Service Providers Summit or V20 in Osaka,
Japan, wrapped up Saturday. Policymakers and representatives of major
companies in the crypto industry gathered “to develop a clear roadmap
toward full compliance with a new set of recommendations from the
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for the global regulation of crypto
asset transactions,” the V20 declared. At the same time and in the same
city, the G20 leaders’ summit also wrapped up Saturday.
At the conclusion of the summit, the V20 announced that a group of
national trade associations representing virtual asset service providers
(VASPs) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) “to establish an
association to provide a global unified voice for the virtual asset
industry.” Ronald M. Tucker, convenor of the V20 and founder of the
Australian Digital Commerce Association (ADCA), commented:
We’ve brought everyone on the journey to create a new
body that will assist in establishing a means to engage with government
agencies and the FATF to ensure our best interests are understood and
valued at an international level.
Tucker explained that the agreement signals a commitment to develop a
“cooperative regime to underpin dialogue with government and regulators
to promote VASP.” In addition to supporting “industry-wide information
exchange and best practice” and an increased “awareness of the industry
and its economic value,” it promotes and facilitates “compliance with
global industry standards.”
The signatories include the ADCA, Singapore Cryptocurrency and
Blockchain Industry Association (ACCESS), Japan Blockchain Association
(JBA), Korean Blockchain Association (KBCA), Hong Kong Blockchain
Association (HKBA) and Taiwan Parliamentary Coalition for Blockchain
& Industry Self-Regulatory Organization. A former FATF president,
Roger Wilkins AO, witnessed the signing ceremony.
Representatives from a number of major cryptocurrency exchanges,
media outlets, law firms, and other crypto service providers
participated in the event. They include Bitfinex, Circle, Coinbase,
Huobi, Kraken, Okcoin, Coins.ph, B2c2, Bitcoin.com, Bitcoin Australia,
Crypto Garage, Deloitte, Diginex, Norton Rose Fulbright, Sentinel
Protocol, Anderson Mori & Tomotsune, and Pwc. Several regulated
crypto exchange operators in Japan also participated such as Bitflyer,
Bitpoint, Coincheck, Huobi, Rakuten Wallet, and SBI Group.
Implementing Controversial FATF Guidelines
The FATF released its new guidance
for the risk-based approach for crypto assets and related service
providers on June 21. However, some industry participants, particularly
service providers such as crypto exchanges, have raised concerns
regarding the implementation of some recommendations.
“What we are hearing from industry is that the new rules may have the
opposite effect to which they were intended, effectively forcing crypto
transactions off the controlled platforms,” said the former FATF
president. Industry participants believe that applying these requirements
“could result in potential unintended consequences, including
encouraging P2P transfers via non-custodial wallets, which are
significantly harder for law enforcement to track or control,” the V20
explained.
Daniel Kelman, Bitcoin.com’s resident legal advisor, spoke at the
V20. He shared with news.Bitcoin.com that, in essence, the FATF wants
VASPs to be regulated and “only licensed and regulated exchanges could
participate in a SWIFT-like network for payments between VASPs.” He
remarked, “Of course this makes no sense, since this is not how crypto
works. No one uses an exchange to send money, they’ll withdraw to their
own wallet and send it anywhere,” stressing the need to address this
issue first and foremost. Kelman added:
One quote from a regulator stands out: ‘combating money
laundering will always trump innovation and financial inclusion.’ I
couldn’t disagree more.
“Most importantly, it was clear FATF did not know much about our
industry and were just forcing bank rules cookie-cutter style onto
crypto. Case in point was my discussion about using the public ledger to
assess risk as opposed to the ‘Travel Rule,’ which is basically
impossible for crypto exchanges to implement. I raised the prospect of
blockchain analysis to achieve the same result and they were
dumbfounded, had never even considered this,” he recalled. “The
conference was not really about debating these rules. They were
essentially forced on us and they wanted to use this event to try to
claim ‘consensus’ that they were fair and valid.”
The FATF Standards Summarized
Following the publication of the FATF guidance, blockchain forensics
firm Chainalysis gave its feedback on the recommendations. The firm
previously made it clear that there are challenges to implementing the
FATF standards, as news.Bitcoin.com reported. The full FATF report can
be found in this article.
One of the most controversial proposals is Recommendation 16 which
mirrors the Travel Rule in the U.S., the firm explained, adding that it
requires VASPs to send originator and beneficiary information to other
VASPs or financial institutions involved for transactions over 1,000
EUR/USD. The firm emphasized:
There is a substantial technical obstacle to implement
the ‘secure’ and ‘immediate’ transfer of information to other obliged
entities.
The FATF requires countries to regulate and monitor crypto activities
and register or license crypto service providers. Financial
Intelligence Units need to modernize systems and have a regime to freeze
and seize accounts when necessary. In addition, financial institutions,
including retail and corporate banks, must not de-risk VASPs or
customers with crypto activities, but should instead apply the FATF’s
risk-based approach and find ways to mitigate risks associated with
these activities.
The guidance requires VASPs to have enhanced “due diligence”
procedures in place, and include that information in their reporting.
Regulators must be able to receive and investigate Suspicious Activity
Reports generated from financial institutions and crypto service
providers from their compliance efforts.
Moreover, AML compliance needs to be consistent with local privacy
laws. “FATF calls upon countries to coordinate and ensure that
recommendations are compatible with national data protection and privacy
rules,” Chainalysis remarked. Anonymity-enhancing cryptocurrencies were
highlighted for higher AML risk, the firm described, elaborating:
Guidance leaves room for truly decentralized exchanges and applications with no natural person connected to them to be excluded.
The importance of international information sharing to mitigate the
risk of money laundering is also highlighted in the guidance.
FATF Recommendations Are Not Laws
FATF Secretariat Tom Neylan provided the V20 with an update on the
new guidance for VASPs. Emphasizing the importance of regulation, he
said that at the current stage they are still looking for an appropriate
regulatory framework relating to cryptocurrency which would include not
only centralized exchanges but also decentralized exchanges and P2P
transactions, Coinpost reported. The publication quoted him as saying,
“The regulation on the virtual currency industry is not a ‘monster’ that
causes panic,” noting that “If implemented, the virtual currency market
will become more open.”
However, lawyer Jake Chervinsky pointed out soon after the FATF
released its guidance that the money-laundering watchdog simply “makes
recommendations, not laws,” emphasizing that the organization “doesn’t
have any regulatory authority of its own.” He detailed:
Member countries can adopt all, some, or none of FATF’s
recommendations. There are basically no repercussions for not adopting
(or for violating) FATF recommendations.
Self-Regulation
Speaking at the V20 conference, Takato Fukui, Director General of the
Japan Virtual Currency Exchange Association (JVCEA), shared with
attendees the best practices for establishing a self-regulatory
organization (SRO) for the crypto industry. His association received
approval from Japan’s top financial regulator, the Financial Services
Agency (FSA), to operate as an SRO in October last year.
The FATF was clear in its new guidance that “only competent
authorities can act as VASP supervisory or monitoring bodies, and not
self-regulatory bodies.” The FSA explained to news.Bitcoin.com
that it is working closely with the JVCEA on self-regulation. “We
expect that through self-regulation, clearer and more detailed rules
will be provided as to provisions that are not specified under the
existing laws/regulations, as well as self-discipline in areas that are
not covered by the laws and regulations,” the FSA shared.
Operators of crypto exchanges are expected to follow similar rules to
those set by the SRO regardless of whether they are members of the
organization. The FSA also clarified
that registration of non-SRO members that have not established internal
rules equivalent to the SRO’s rules can be refused or canceled.
How Japan Regulates Crypto
Japan has often been referred to as the leader when it comes to
crypto regulation, having legalized cryptocurrencies as a means of
payment back in April 2017 and requiring crypto exchanges to register
with the FSA. The country currently has 19 registered crypto exchanges.
At the summit, Bitflyer CEO and Chairman of the JBA Yuzo Kano was on
stage describing his country’s regulatory landscape, Coinpost reported.
He explained that, in Japan, the FSA is in charge of multiple areas so
it can respond to any issues flexibly and quickly. With the country’s
Revised Fund Settlement Act, passed in 2016, the agency succeeded in
providing the legal definition for cryptocurrency ahead of most other
countries worldwide, Kano detailed. He noted that the industry has been
through various twists and turns as it grows such as the Mt. Gox debacle
and a couple of major hacks last year. Coincheck, one of the country’s largest crypto exchanges, was hacked in January last year and Zaif, a regulated exchange, was hacked in September.
Kano also noted that the term “virtual currencies” will be changed to
“crypto assets” from April 2020 since the revised Act on Fund
Settlement and the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act were passed the Plenary Session last month. He added that the crypto industry continues to develop year-after-year.
Some Embrace FATF Standards
Huobi Global, which was represented at the V20, openly embraces the
FATF standards. “The crypto industry should embrace industry standards
& compliance,” the company announced Friday. “FATF’s guidelines are a
chance to develop progressive industry standards, create innovative
tech that weeds out abuse while preserving access for legitimate actors,
and more.”
Elaine Sun Ye Lin, Huobi’s Head of Compliance, commented: “We see
this as the starting point in an ongoing conversation between the
cryptocurrency industry and G20 regulators … we believe direct dialog
with FATF will help clarify the unique nature of the crypto industry and
allow us to find industry-wide solutions to the problems we face.”
Huobi Global CEO Livio Weng elaborated:
While it’s true these changes do present a challenge to
the industry in terms of immediate implementation, they present real
opportunities as well.
He believes that “This is a chance for us to develop industry
standards to promote growth and protect user rights, develop technology
to identify and weed out the bad while preserving the access for
legitimate users, and to develop our ability to respond as a community
to the issues that the cryptocurrency and blockchain industries face.”
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